The use of the larvae of Zophobas morio and galleria mellonella in feeding growing pigs

Insects represent a promising alternative source to more expensive components of the feeding regimen of farm animals for meat production. With this aim in mind, we conducted this experiment to investigate the effects of dried larvae of darkling beetles (Zophobas morio L.) and larvae of wax moths (Galleria mellonella L.) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profiles in growing piglets. A total of 27 crossbred piglets ((LWхL)хD), 39 days of age and 14.39±0.19 kg of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups (n=9 per group) based on gender and body weight. We substituted part of a fishmeal and a grain with 2.5% of dried larvae of darkling beetles (Zophobas morio L.) or with 3.0% of dried larvae of wax moths (Galleria mellonella L.). The replacement of fishmeal with insect biomass in the feeding regimen of the pigs did not change growth rate among groups and did not altered the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber (p ˃ 0.05). At the same time, the digestibility of the fat has increased in the experimental groups with dry larvae (p ≤ 0.05). Blood counts in all groups were within the physiological norm. As compared to control group, piglets of the experimental groups had an increase in bactericidal, lysozyme activity of the blood serum and phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Thus, supplementation of dry larvae of superworm or waxworm in the ration didn't affect negatively growth performance of experimental piglets while improving their parameters of non-specific immunity.

PREDATION OF Brevicoryne brassicae AND Aphis craccivora BY Eriopis connexa DEPENDING ON AVAILABILITY / Depredación de Brevicoryne brassicae y Aphis craccivora por Eriopis connexa, según disponibilidad

ABSTRACT Predator species under field conditions can face different and variable densities of prey species. This work evaluated the functional response of the neotropical lady beetle Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) subjected to different densities of the aphids Brevicoryne brassicae and Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Thus, predation rates were analyzed of fourth-instar larvae and one-day old adults of the lady beetle preying upon the aphids at constant densities of 20, 40, 50, 60, and 70 aphids with 15 repetitions per density. The aphids were offered on 5 cm leaf discs of each plant host. The handling times and attack rates were 0.03 h-1 and 0.27 h-1 for larvae and 0.03 h-1 and 0.15 h-1 for adults fed B. brassicae and 0.59 h-1 and 0.35 h-1 for larvae and 0.70 h-1 and 0.95 h-1 for adults fed A. craccivora, respectively. Both larva and adult lady beetles increased predation rate as a function of prey density offered, with an estimated maximum number of prey consumed of 30.3 and 31.6 B. brassicae and 36.3 and 34.6 of A. craccivora by larva and adult lady beetles at the highest prey density, respectively. In conclusion, larvae and adults of E. connexa exhibited a type II functional response.

RESUMEN Las especies de depredadores en condiciones de campo pueden enfrentar densidades diferentes y variables de sus presas. Este trabajo evaluó la respuesta funcional de la mariquita neotropical Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) sometida a diferentes densidades de los pulgones Brevicoryne brassicae y Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Se analizaron las tasas de depredación de larvas de cuarto estadio y adultos de un día de vida en las densidades constantes de 20, 40, 50, 60 y 70 pulgones con 15 repeticiones por densidad. Los pulgones se ofrecieron en discos de 5 cm de hojas de la planta huésped. Los tiempos de manejo y las tasas de ataque fueron 0.03 h-1 y 0.27 h-1 para larvas y 0.03 h-1 y 0.15 h-1 para adultos alimentados con B. brassicae y 0.59 h-1 y 0.35 h-1 para larvas y 0.70 h-1 y 0.95 h-1 para adultos alimentados con A. craccivora, respectivamente. Las larvas y las mariquitas adultas aumentaron la tasa de depredación en función de la densidad de presas ofrecidas, con un número máximo estimado de presas consumidas de 30.3 y 31.6 de B. brassicae y 36.3 y 34.6 de A. craccivora para larvas y mariquitas adultas a la mayor densidad de presas, respectivamente. En conclusión, las larvas y los adultos de E. connexa exhibieron una respuesta funcional del tipo II.

Colonización de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en tres tipos de sustratos artificiales, en un río tropical

Introducción: Existen diferentes metodologías para la recolecta de macroinvertebrados acuáticos (p.e., la red D y Red Surber), sin embargo, algunas de estas no son efectivas en todos los cuerpos de agua o representa un riesgo para la persona que adquiere la muestra. Los sustratos artificiales pueden emplearse en ríos profundos, contaminados o con presencia de cocodrilos. En Costa Rica hay estudios donde se utilizó los sustratos artificiales, para determinar la riqueza y abundancia en humedales tipo lago y lagunas, no obstante se desconoce la efectividad de un tipo de sustrato sobre otro y en sistemas lóticos. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar la efectividad de tres tipos de sustratos artificiales. Métodos: las muestras se obtuvieron de manera bimensual entre los años 2013 y 2017, en el Río Parismina, Costa Rica, en cuatro sitios a lo largo del río y se evaluó los sustratos piedra, madera y hojas. Se aplicó una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para determinar las diferencias entre la abundancia y el tipo de sustrato, como también para determinar la diferencia entre la abundancia y el sitio de muestreo. Además, para determinar si existe una diferencia entre los sustratos por sitio, se aplicó una prueba Permanova de dos vías. Un análisis de correspondencia múltiple para determinar el grado de asociación de la comunidad con respecto al tipo de sustrato. Resultados: Un total de 1159 organismos fueron recolectados, siendo Diptera y Ephemeroptera los órdenes más abundantes. La madera y hojas fueron los sustratos con mayor biodiversidad, como también los sitios con mayor vegetación. Conclusiones: El uso en conjunto de los tres tipos de sustratos artificiales, es efectivo para obtener una mayor riqueza de organismos, ya que se observó afinidad por un sustrato según el género de macroinvertebrado acuático.

Introduction: Different methodologies exist for sampling aquatic macroinvertebrates, however, some of these (e.g., kick-net, Surber) are not well suited for deep, contaminated rivers or rivers with presence of crocodiles, which represent a risk to the person who must take the sample. One alternative is to use artificial substrates. The use of artificial substrates to evaluate the aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in wetlands has been studied previously in Costa Rica, but no research has been conducted to determine which types of substrates are most effective. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three artificial substrates (i.e., stones, leaves and wood). Methods: Samples of the three substrates were taken bi-monthly between 2013 and 2017 in four sites of the Parismina River. A Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to determine differences between the macroinvertebrate abundance among substrate type. Beside to determine if there is a difference between substrates per site, a two-way PERMANOVA test was applied and a multiple correspondence analysis was used to correlate the substrate type with the macroinvertebrate community. Results: A total of 1 159 organisms were collected, with Diptera and Ephemeroptera being the most abundant. Wood and leaves were the substrates with greatest biodiversity and abundance of organisms; in addition the two sites with greatest vegetation were the most diverse. Conclusions: Most of the organisms were registered on any of the three types of artificial substrates, thus we recommend the joint use of the three types of substrates for biomonitoring or taxa richness studies.

First record of the association of the weevil Loncophorus longinasus with the fruit of munguba, Pseudobombax munguba in Central Amazonia, Brazil

We report the first record of occurrence of Loncophorus longinasus in fruits of munguba, Pseudobombax munguba, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Some morphological and biological aspects of L. longinasus are presented. Adults were obtained through natural emergence from munguba fruits that opened for seed dispersal. The fruits had perforations leading to galleries through the exocarp. Inside the fruit, larvae were found at the seed insertion points on the central seed attachment structure. The pupae developed in a cocoon at the same structure and turned mature simultaneously with the capsule opening. Together with the larvae, the presence of ants (Pseudomyrmex sp.) was observed, that apparently maintained the galleries open for access and feeding on larval exudates. (AU)

Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)

Abstract Canthon rutilans cyanescens is a telecoprid and coprophagous dung beetle subspecies that builds two types of balls with feeding and nesting purposes. This paperwork describes some behavior and development time characteristics, as well as it analyses the influence of the type and amount of food on this species feeding and reproductive behavior. Adult individuals were sampled in Atlantic Forest areas in southern Brazil (between 2014 and 2016) and they were kept in laboratory conditions within 24 and 27 °C in a 12 hours photoperiod. Development time was observed on brood balls built by 40 couples fed with domestic dog feces. The weight and number of brood and food balls produced by each couple were measured and counted in an experiment with 50 couples fed with feces from distinct mammal's species as well as in another experiment with 28 couples fed with 1g and 5g of domestic dog feces, distributed into two groups: small and large body size couples. The subspecies' behavior varied according to the quality of the food resource, with omnivore feces as the best one, possibly due to the higher nutritional quality and microorganism's diversity. In addition, individuals' size influenced parental investment and the availability of food resource affected dung beetle's reproductive success, since, when less food was offered, smaller amounts of food balls and smaller brood balls were built by the adult couples. Our results demonstrated that Canthon rutilans cyanescens has a rapid development and a behavioral plasticity related to the quality and the amount of food.

Description of a new Brazilian species of Mycodrosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) with emphasis on the morphology of phallic sclerites

ABSTRACT Mycodrosophila is a cosmopolitan genus of Drosophilidae that comprises approximately 130 species with mycophagous habitats. In this study, we described a new species of Mycodrosophila based on morphological traits and included details of the male terminalia. The holotype is from Eugênio Lefévre, locality in Campos do Jordão municipality, SP, Brazil, located in the Atlantic rainforest biome and was sampled in the 1930s.

Rearing Frankliniella zucchini Nakahara & Monteiro (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. 'Caserta') fruits

Abstract Frankliniella zucchini transmits zucchini lethal chlorosis virus, causal agent of lethal chlorosis of zucchini squash. The characteristics of relationship between this virus with its vector have not been studied, one of the reasons being the lack of a method for rearing the thrips for laboratory studies. This work proposes a system for the rearing of F. zucchini on fresh virus free zucchini 'Caserta' fruits, offering a practical and efficient alternative for the supply of a large number of insects for later study of virus/vector relationship. In addition, to aid in the identification of this species of thrips, the immature and adult forms obtained from the colony were described.

The diversity of Odonata adults's at Pampa Biome from Brazil / Diversidad de adultos de Odonata en el Bioma Pampa brasileño

Abstract The growth of humankind has brought with it several environmental problems that have worsened over time, including the loss of insect biodiversity. The Odonata order have been indicated by several authors as relevant bioindicators for assessing and monitoring environmental conditions of specific locations. The main objective of this study was to conduct an inventory of the Odonata diversity in the Pampa Biome, of the Southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The species survey was conducted between November 2014 and October 2015. Adult insects were collected in Capão do Leão, Pelotas and Rio Grande cities. Each location was visited nine times, totalizing 54 samplings. Entomological nets were used for capturing adult insects, which were then kept in entomological envelopes. The identification of the specimens was carried out with taxonomic keys of Lencioni and Heckman. In addition, Chao-1, the Shannon-Wiener and Jackknife indexes were associated with the sampling areas. During the species survey a total of 2 680 Odonata specimens were collected, representing 45 species encompassed in 22 genera and six families. The Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae families were registered in 60 and 30 % of the specimens sampled, followed of the Aeshnidae, Calopterygidae, Gomphidae and Lestidae, of reduced occurrence. The genera Erythrodiplax, Micrathyria and Ischnura were found at least once in all the visited sites. The study resulted in the registration for the first time of the following species: Progomphus complicatus Selys, Lestes minutus Selys, Homeoura ambigua Ris, and Tauriphila xiphea Ris. These species were not previously reported in any Odonata study of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. In regard to Odonata diversity in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae are the families more abundants. Erythrodiplax and Micrathyria are the most common genera. Miathyria marcella represented 9.6 % of all collected libellulidae and was the most abundant specie. Capão do Leão has the largest species diversity (wealth), the largest number of collected specimens and more diversity than Pelotas and Rio Grande. However, the results showed that the Odonatofauna in the State are still little known, and new studies are needed to better describe this group in other regions.(AU)

Resumen El crecimiento de la humanidad ha traído consigo varios problemas ambientales que han empeorado con el tiempo, incluida la pérdida de biodiversidad de insectos. Varios autores han mencionado especies del orden Odonata como bioindicadores relevantes para evaluar y controlar las condiciones ambientales de lugares específicos. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue realizar un inventario de la diversidad de Odonata en el Bioma Pampa, en la región sur del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. El censo de especies se realizó entre noviembre 2014 y octubre 2015. Se recolectaron insectos adultos en las ciudades de Capão do Leão, Pelotas y Rio Grande. Cada área fue visitada nueve veces, totalizando 54 muestreos. Se usaron redes entomológicas para capturar insectos adultos, que luego se mantuvieron en sobres entomológicos. La identificación de los ejemplares se realizó con claves taxonómicas de Lencioni y Heckman. Además, Chao-1, los índices de Shannon-Wiener y Jackknife se asociaron con las áreas de muestreo. Durante el censo de especies se recolectó un total de 2 680 especímenes de Odonata, que representan 45 especies comprendidas en 22 géneros y seis familias. Las familias Libellulidae y Coenagrionidae se registraron en 60 y 30 % de los especímenes muestreados, seguidos de los Aeshnidae, Calopterygidae, Gomphidae y Lestidae, de presencia reducida. Los géneros Erythrodiplax, Micrathyria e Ischnura se encontraron al menos una vez en todos los sitios visitados. El estudio resultó en el registro por primera vez de las siguientes especies: Progomphus complicatus Selys, Lestes minutus Selys, Homeoura ambigua Ris y Tauriphila xiphea Ris. Estas especies no se informaron previamente en ningún estudio de Odonata en el estado brasileño de Rio Grande do Sul. Con respecto a la diversidad de Odonata en la región sur de Rio Grande do Sul, Libellulidae y Coenagrionidae son las familias más abundantes. Erythrodiplax y Micrathyria son los géneros más comunes. Miathyria marcella representó el 9.6 % de todos los libellulidae recolectados y fue la especie más abundante. La ciudad de Capão do Leão tiene la mayor diversidad de especies (riqueza), la mayor cantidad de especímenes recolectados y la mayor diversidad que Pelotas y Río Grande. Sin embargo, los resultados mostraron que la Odonatofauna en el estado aún es poco conocida, y se necesitan nuevos estudios para describir mejor este grupo en otras regiones.(AU)

Alergia inalatória a insetos / Inhalant allergy to insects

Asma e rinoconjuntivite alérgicas são doenças que apresentam alta prevalência mundial. Os aeroalérgenos estão entre os principais fatores desencadeantes de sintomas em indivíduos sensibilizados. Há centenas de alérgenos inalantes envolvidos neste processo; porém, os provenientes de insetos, embora frequentes, têm sido pouco valorizados na prática clínica. Esta revisão busca demonstrar, a partir de estudos relevantes, a importância deste tema.

Allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis are highly prevalent diseases worldwide. Aeroallergens are among the major triggers of symptoms in sensitized individuals. There are hundreds of inhalant allergens involved in this process; however, the ones from insects, though frequent, have been underestimated in clinical practice. This review seeks to demonstrate, based on relevant studies, the importance of this subject.

Inventario preliminar de la riqueza genérica y distribución de los coleópteros acuáticos del departamento del chocó, colombia / Preliminary inventory of the generic richness and distribution of the aquatic coleopters of the chocó department, colombia

RESUMEN Se presenta un registro preliminar sobre la riqueza y la distribución de los coleópteros acuáticos en el departamento del Chocó, a partir de 1.824 especímenes, entre larvas y adultos, que reposan en la Colección Limnológica del Chocó «CLCH-Insec¼, de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, recolectados en 20 municipios, a alturas entre 5 y 3.202 msnm, en 40 corrientes hídricas de diferente orden y 17 ecosistemas lénticos, de las cuencas de los ríos Atrato, San Juan y Baudó. Se reconocen 16 familias (4 Adephaga y 12 Polyphaga) y 40 géneros, con 4 familias y 20 géneros, que se registran por primera vez para el Chocó. La familia Psephenidae es la más abundante y más ampliamente distribuida, mientras que Hydraenidae es la de menor abundancia y distribución. La mayor riqueza taxonómica la posee los élmidos, con 12 géneros. Las rocas son el sustrato con mayor abundancia y riqueza específica. El mayor índice taxonómico se encuentra en la cuenca del río Atrato, con 16 familias y 33 géneros. Estos resultados permiten evidenciar la enorme diversidad de los coleópteros acuáticos y semiacuáticos en el departamento del Chocó y la necesidad de adelantar nuevas investigaciones, que amplíen su conocimiento taxonómico y ecológico en la región.

SUMMARY A preliminary record on the richness and distribution of aquatic Coleoptera in the Department of Chocó is presented. The report is made from 1824 specimens (larvae and adults) found in the Limnological Collection of Chocó «CLCH-Insec¼ of the Technological University of Chocó, collected in 20 municipalities at altitudes between 5m and 3202m, in 40 water streams of different order and 17 lentic ecosystems of the Atrato, San Juan and Baudó river basins. This collection includes 16 families (4 Adephaga and 12 Polyphaga) and 40 genera. Four families and 20 genera are register for Chocó for the first time. The family Psephenidae is the most abundant and most widely distributed, while Hydraenidae is of lowest abundance and distribution. The highest taxonomic richness is register for elmids with 12 genera. Rocks are the substrate with greatest abundance and specific richness. The largest taxonomic record occurs in the Atrato river basin with 16 families and 33 genera. These results show the enormous diversity of aquatic and semi aquatic beetles in the department of Chocó and the need to carry out new research to increase their taxonomic and ecological knowledge in the region.

Insect diversity in organic rice fields under two management systems of levees vegetation / Diversidade de insetos em arroz irrigado orgânico sob dois manejos da vegetação das taipas

Abstract Simplified environments characterize agroecosystems, reducing the diversity of associated plants, which are not cultivated for economic purposes, causing unbalances that can promote the emergence of cultivated plants pests, as well as the reduction of their natural enemies. Management systems that increase diversity in agroecosystems can extend the action of natural enemies of pests. Studies to understand the diversity of insects associated with rice cultivation and determine their ecological guilds can provide information about the composition and structure of such ecosystems, which can be applied to integrated pest management. Therefore, the study aimed to describe and compare groups of insects in irrigated rice fields, with organic management using two different systems of levees vegetation management, and relate them to the phenological states of rice cultivation (seedling, vegetative, and reproductive). Samples were taken in a plantation located in Águas Claras district of Viamão, RS. The total area of 18 ha was divided into two. A subarea called not cut (NC), where wild vegetation of levees was maintained, and the subarea named cut (C), where monthly cuts were made to levees vegetation, from the beginning of soil preparation until the harvest. From October 2012 to March 2013 were held weekly collections in quadrats randomly located in both the rice fields and the levees. A total of 800 insects were collected, 429 in the C subarea and 371 in the NC. There were identified 97 morphospecies in the C and 108 in NC, being 54 shared between the subareas. The captured insects were grouped into guilds: saprophages (C = 38.2%; NC = 27.5%), phytophagous (C = 28.5%; NC = 33.2%), entomophagous (grouping parasitoids and predators) (C = 29.4%; NC = 35%) and finally other insects (C = 4 %; NC = 4.3%). The peak abundance of phytophagous and entomophagous was registered in the vegetative stage of rice. At the same stage the UPGMA analysis showed that similarity in species composition was greater than 90% in the groups obtained in the paddy fields of C and NC subareas. The vegetation of levees can positively influence the presence of entomophagous in the field. Although the abundance did not change clearly, the greatest diversity in the NC areas of all the groups, may contribute to the maintenance of ecological services expanding the system resilience.

Resumo Os agroecossistemas se caracterizam por ambientes simplificados, com redução da diversidade de plantas associadas, que não são as cultivadas para fins econômicos, causando desequilíbrios que podem levar ao surgimento de insetos nocivos, assim como a diminuição de seus inimigos naturais. Sistemas de manejo que priorizem o aumento da diversidade no agroecossistema podem ampliar a ação de inimigos naturais de pragas. Estudos que busquem entender a diversidade de insetos associados ao cultivo de arroz irrigado, bem como determinar as guildas ou grupos ecológicos aos quais pertencem, podem trazer informações sobre a composição e estrutura dos ecossistemas que possam ser aplicadas no manejo integrado de pragas. Neste sentido, o estudo objetivou conhecer e comparar a diversidade de insetos entre áreas de cultivo orgânico de arroz irrigado, diferenciadas pelo manejo da vegetação das taipas e relacionar com os estádios fenológicos da cultura. As amostragens foram realizadas no distrito de Águas Claras, município de Viamão, RS. A área total de 18 ha foi subdividida em duas. Numa subárea, denominada não roçada (NR) a vegetação espontânea das taipas foi mantida, na outra, roçada (R), foram feitas roçadas mensais das taipas, desde o início do preparo do solo, até a colheita. Entre outubro de 2012 a março de 2013 realizaram-se coletas semanais, em quadrats, situados aleatoriamente tanto nas quadras de arroz quanto nas taipas. Foi coletado um total de 800 insetos, 429 na R e 371 na NR. Foram identificadas 97 morfoespécies na R e 108 na NR, das quais 54 foram compartilhadas entre as subáreas. As guildas registradas foram: saprófagos (R = 38,2%; NR = 27,5%), fitófagos (R = 28,5%; NR = 33,2%), entomófagos (reunindo parasitoides e predadores) (R = 29,4%; NR = 35%) e outros (R = 4%; NR = 4,3%). O pico de abundância de fitófagos e entomófagos foi registrado na fase vegetativa do arroz. Nesta mesma fase, a análise de UPGMA apontou que a similaridade na composição de espécies foi superior a 90% nos grupos obtidos nas lavouras das subáreas R e NR. A vegetação das taipas pode influenciar positivamente a presença de insetos entomófagos no campo. Embora a abundância não tenha variado significativamente entre as áreas, a maior diversidade na área não roçada em todos os grupos, pode contribuir na manutenção de serviços ecológicos aumentando a resiliência dos sistemas.

New synonymy in Platyphora Gistel (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)

Abstract New synonymy in Platyphora Gistel (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Doryphora cliensStål, 1858 is considered a synonym of Doryphora congenerStål, 1858.

Resistance of tomato plant genotypes with high foliar allelochemical contents to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii / Resistência de genótipos de tomateiro com altos teores de aleloquímicos nas folhas à mosca-minadora Liriomyza trifolii

The objective of this study was to assess the resistance of tomato genotypes with high foliar levels of allelochemicals to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii. Eight tomato genotypes with contrasting levels of three different alellochemicals were tested for leafminer resistance: the TOM-687 and TOM-688 lines, which are both rich in acylsugar; ZGB-703 and ZGB-704, which are rich in zingiberene; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 and BPX-367E-238-02, which are rich in 2-tridecanone; and 2 standard commercial hybrids (Deborah Max and Bravo F1) with low-allelochemical content. Thirty days after being transplanted, nine potted plants of each of the treatments were transferred to a phytotron chamber, into which 1600 unsexed leafminer adults from a mass rearing were released. The number of mines and the percentage of leaves and leaflets attacked (= with the presence of punctures) were evaluated. Six days later, the number of pupae was recorded. The genotypes with high levels of acylsugar were associated with higher levels of resistance to leaf miner L. trifolii, through antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms. At least one of the 2-tridecanone-rich lines (BPX -365G-899-07-04-02) showed some level of resistance via an antibiosis mechanism.(AU)

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a possível resistência de genótipos de tomateiro com altos teores de aleloquímicos nas folhas, à mosca-minadora Liriomyza trifolii. Para tanto, foi montado um ensaio em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos: linhagens TOM-687 e TOM-688, ricas em acilaçúcares; ZGB-703 e ZGB-704, ricas em zingibereno; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 e BPX-367E-238-02, ricas em 2-tridecanona; 2 híbridos comerciais, Débora Max e Bravo (testemunhas) e nove repetições. Aproximadamente 30 dias após o transplante, vasos com uma planta correspondente a cada tratamento foram transferidos para uma câmara climatizada do tipo Fitotron, na qual foram liberados 1.600 adultos da mosca minadora, não sexados, oriundos da criação de manutenção. Avaliaram-se o número de minas, a porcentagem de folhas e folíolos atacados (com a presença de puncturas), e seis dias depois, contou-se o número de pupas. Os genótipos com altos teores de acilaçúcares mostraram-se associados a maiores níveis de resistência à mosca-minadora L. trifolii, tanto pelo mecanismo de antixenose como antibiose. Pelo menos uma das linhagens ricas em 2-tridecanona mostrou algum nível de resistência pelo mecanismo de antibiose.(AU)

Four new species of the Aleiodes compressor Herrich-Schäffer species-group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from South America / Cuatro especies nuevas del grupo de especies Aleiodes compressor Herrich-Schäffer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) de Sudamérica

Four new species of the Aleiodes compressor (Herrich-Schäffer) species-group from the Neotropical Region are described and illustrated: Aleiodes segakiato sp. nov. and A. lamasi sp. nov. from Peru, A. macro sp. nov. from Argentina, and A. palmito sp. nov. from Mexico. With the addition of these new species, the compressor species-group has ten known species; two from Old World, two from Nearctic Region, and six from Neotropical Region. In addition to the descriptions of the new species, a key to known species is presented, and a new distribution record for A. mantiqueirensis Shimbori, Shaw and Penteado-Dias from Ecuador is reported.

Cuatro especies nuevas del grupo de especies Aleiodes compressor (Herrich-Schäffer) de la Región Neotropical son descritas e ilustradas: Aleiodes segakiato sp. nov. y A. lamasi sp. nov. de Perú, A. macro sp. nov. de Argentina y A. palmito sp. nov. de México. Con la incorporación de las especies nuevas, el grupo de especies compressor tiene diez especies conocidas, dos de ellas son del viejo mundo, dos de la Región Neártica y seis de la Región Neotropical. Además de la descripción de las especies nuevas, se presenta una clave de especies y se reporta el nuevo registro de distribución de A. mantiqueirensis Shimbori, Shaw y Pendeado-Dias en Ecuador.

NÃO-PREFERÊNCIA PARA A OVIPOSIÇÃO DE PERCEVEJO-DE-RENDA Vatiga illudens (Hemiptera: Tingidae) POR CULTIVARES DE MANDIOCA / Non-Preference for Oviposition Cassava Lace Bug Vatiga illudens (Hemiptera: Tingidae) by Cassava Cultivars / No preferencia por la oviposición chinche de encaje Vatiga illudens (Hemiptera: Tingidae) por cultivares de yuca

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a não preferência para a oviposição de Vatiga illudens (Drake, 1922) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) importante inseto com potencial de causar danos econômicos em cultivares de mandioca. Compararam-se as cultivares Kiriris, N-25, Fécula Branca, IAC 90, M Ecu 72 e IAC 576, essas com potencial produtivo para a região sul de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram realizados ensaios de preferência para oviposição, com o teste sem chance de escolha, em condições de semi-campo. Um casal adulto de V. illudens foi liberado nas folhas de mandioca das respectivas cultivares. Permitiu-se a alimentação e oviposição desses insetos por 72 horas. Avaliou-se o número de ovos/fêmea/folha, o número de excrementos/casal/folha e o índice de preferência para oviposição. A cultivar M Ecu 72 revelou-se altamente resistente ao percevejo-de-renda. Esse estudo evidenciou que há mecanismos de resistência a V. illudens em cultivares de mandioca, o que justifica a realização de novos estudos sobre essas cultivares em programas de seleção, visando o controle dessa praga e identificação de tais mecanismos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-preference for oviposition Vatiga illudens (Drake, 1922) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in cassava cultivars. The following cultivars were compared: Kiriris, N-25, Fécula Branca, IAC 90, M Ecu 72 and IAC 576, preference tests for oviposition were conducted, with a choice test in semi-field conditions. An adult double V. illudens was released in the leaves of cassava of their cultivars. Allowed to feeding and oviposition of these insects for 72 hours. We evaluated the number of eggs / female / leaf, the number of droppings / couple / sheet and the preference index for oviposition. The cultivar M Ecu 72 demonstrated to be highly resistant to cassava lace bug. This study showed that there are resistance mechanisms to V. illudens in cassava cultivars, which justifies the new studies on these cultivars in breeding programs, aiming to control this pest and identification of such mechanisms.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la no preferencia por oviposición de Vatiga illudens (Drake, 1922) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) en cultivos de yuca. Se compararon los cultivos Kiriris, N-25, Fécula Branca, IAC 90, M Ecu 72 y IAC 576. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de preferencia de oviposición, con la prueba de elección en condiciones de semi-campo. Una pareja adulta de V. illudens fue colocada en las hojas de yuca de los cultivos. Se permitió la alimentación y oviposición de estos insectos durante 72 horas. Se evaluó el número de huevos/hembra/hoja, el número de excrementos/pareja/hoja y el índice de preferencia de oviposición. El cultivo M Ecu 72 resultó ser altamente resistente a chinche de encaje. Este estudio demostró que hay mecanismos de resistencia a V. illudens en cultivares de yuca, lo que justifica nuevos estudios sobre estos cultivares en los programas de selección, con el objetivo de controlar esta plaga y la identificación de tales mecanismos.

First record of Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) in Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake / Primeiro registro de Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) em Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

Insect pests are limiting factors to the expansion of Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Brazil. Aphids of the species Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are a key pests in different crops and may negatively affect the growth, development and survival of plants. This paper reports the first record of M. persicae in seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla grown in a greenhouse in Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This finding suggests the implementation of an integrated management program for this aphid, in order to prevent it from becoming a pest in Eucalyptus.(AU)

Insetos considerados pragas são fatores limitantes à expansão da eucaliptocultura no Brasil. Os pulgões da espécie Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) podem ser pragas-chave em diversas culturas, pois afetam negativamente o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência das plantas. Este trabalho relata o primeiro registro de ocorrência de M. persicae em mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla conduzidas em casa de vegetação no município de Diamantina, MG, Brasil. Essa constatação sugere a implantação de um programa de manejo integrado para tal afídeo, a fim de evitar que ele se torne praga para a cultura do eucalipto.(AU)

Famílias de himenópteros parasitoides na Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil / Families of hymenoptera parasitoids in Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento das famílias de himenópteros parasitoides em área de mata atlântica da Reserva Municipal Serra do Japi (23°13' 52,24"S, 46°56'09,00" O), Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram coletados 1.300 himenópteros parasitoides de oito superfamílias e de 23 famílias. A coleta foi realizada durante cinco dias utilizando-se armadilha Malaise, armadilha Moericke e varredura na vegetação. As famílias de maior abundância relativa foram: Diapriidae (45,92%), Braconidae (15,00%), Ichneumonidae (12,92%) e Platygastridae (6,15%). Quatorze famílias tiveram abundância relativa inferior a 1%. Foram registrados na área estudada espécimes de Perilampidae (0,62%) e de Pelecinidae (0,15%). Este estudo é o segundo levantamento da fauna de himenópteros parasitoides na Serra do Japi.(AU)

This study aimed at surveying the families of parasitic Hymenoptera in the area of the Atlantic Forest in Reserva Municipal Serra do Japi (23°13' 52,24"S, 46°56'09,00" W), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil. There, 1,300 hymenoptera parasitoids of eight superfamilies and 23 families were collected. The collection was performed for five days using Malaise trap, Moericke trap and "Sweeping" in the Vegetation. Families with the highest relative abundance were: Diapriidae (45.92%), Braconidae (15,00%), Ichneumonidae (12,92%) and Platygastridae (6,15%). Fourteen families showed relative abundance below 1%. Te study area registered specimens of Perilampidae (0,62%) and Pelecinidae (0,15%). Tis work represents the second survey of the hymenoptera parasitoid fauna in Serra do Japi.(AU)

Review of Thompsoniella Guimarães with description of a new species from Colombia (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellinae)

Review of Thompsoniella Guimarães with description of a new species from Colombia (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Mesembrinellinae). The Mesembrinellinae (Diptera, Calliphoridae) are exclusively Neotropical with nine genera comprising 36 recognized species, including the genus Thompsoniella Guimarães with a single species, T. anomala Guimarães. We describe a new species, Thompsoniella andina sp. nov., from the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, Colombia (Cordillera Central of the Andes, between 2600 - 2700 m) and redescribe T. anomala. A key to the nine genera of Mesembrinellinae and a key to the males of the two species of Thompsoniella are provided. Color photographs to illustrate the two species of Thompsoniella and drawings of the male genitalia of both species are also provided. Here we record Thompsoniella for the first time in Colombia.

Protein content of leaf-cutting ant queens before the nuptial flight and during the post-claustral phase

Protein content of leaf-cutting ant queens before the nuptial flight and during the post-claustral phase. This study evaluated the crude protein content of queens of Atta sexdens before the nuptial flight and after the claustral phase in laboratory and field colonies. The hypothesis was that protein is used for survival of the queen and for early colony growth during the claustral phase. Additionally, the nest morphology, live biomass and adult population of field colonies were evaluated. Crude protein was determined by digestion of the organic material with sulfuric acid at high temperatures. The mean crude protein content was 123.23 ± 11.20 mg for females before the nuptial flight and 70.44 ± 12.21 mg for laboratory-reared queens after the claustral phase. The post-claustral crude protein content of field-collected queen was 55.90 ± 9.18 mg. With respect to the loss of crude protein as a function of duration of the claustral phase, laboratory-reared queens lost 52.79 mg and field-collected queens lost 67.33 mg compared to females before the nuptial flight. A positive linear correlation was observed between the weight of field-collected queens (256.4 ± 36.3 mg) and colony biomass (13.02 ± 9.12 g), but there was no correlation between biomass and nest depth (13.11 ± 3.82 cm). As expected, the present results support the hypothesis that protein is used for survival of the queen and for early colony growth, as demonstrated by the reduction in crude protein content as a function of duration of the claustral phase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide data of the dynamics of protein reserves in leaf-cutting ant queens during the claustral phase.

Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records

Description of the female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (Diptera, Asilidae, Asilinae), with new distribution records. The female of Ctenodontina nairae Vieira, 2012 is described for the first time. Description and illustrations of the habitus, wing and terminalia of the female are provided. The distribution is extended to Bolivia and Peru.